Humulus lupulus, commonly referred to as the hops plant, is classically known for its use in flavoring beer, but this captivating plant also has a plethora of medicinal value. Most notable are its effects on sleep, the nervous system, and the gastrointestinal system.
The history of the use of the hop plant for brewing dates back to Roman times. Prior to its application in flavoring, costmary and ground ivy were used to create what was known as ale. With the introduction of hops into the brewing process, the drink was given the German name “bier.”
Medicinally, the flowers were famously used for their sleep-inducing effects, both in the form of teas as well as “hop pillows,” a folk remedy implemented when it was discovered that hop-pickers became fatigued with the inhalation of the volatile oils. While some believe that beer has the same effect, experts in the industry say that herbal extracts are far more potent than the active ingredients found in beer as a result of the brewing process– So no, I am not recommending lots of beer drinking- Sorry! (Although a hoppy IPA is surely a nice treat).
Perhaps the most remarkable benefit of hops are its sedative and hypnotic effects, dating back to the use of the aforementioned hop pillows. The sedative activity is attributable to the bitter resins of the plant, which increase the activity of GABA (our “calming” neurotransmitter), promoting restful, deep sleep.
Often times, hops is combined with valerian to support sleep. A study done on a cohort of healthy men that did not use stimulants (such as nicotine, drugs, or coffee) was done to evaluate the effects of the herbal duo when under the influence of caffeine. Subjects received either placebo or the valerian/hops extract, as well as a 200mg dose of caffeine. Researchers found that the valerian/hops extract significantly inhibited caffeine arousal in the subjects compared to placebo. Combined with the GABA-activating effects of hops, these herbs are successful in supporting both falling asleep and maintaining sleep throughout the night.
References
Mabey R, McIntyre M, Michael P, Duff G, Stevens J. The new age herbalist: how to use herbs for healing, nutrition, body care, and relaxation. London: Gaia Books Ltd.; 2004.
Tilgner S. Herbal medicine: From the Heart of the Earth. 2nd ed. Creswell, OR: Wise Acres; 2009.
Ernst E. Hypnotic hops. Chemist & Druggist; London. May 2003:1-19.
Franco L, Sánchez C, Bravo R, Rodriguez A, Barriga C, Juánez J. The sedative effects of hops(Humulus lupulus), a component of beer, on the activity/rest rhythm. Acta Physiologica Hungarica. 2012;99(2):133-139.
Oliff HS. Study on Valerian/Hops Combination Sheds Light on Mechanism of Action in Promoting Sleep . HerbalGram. 2005;67:32-32.
